Transitional Communities include a large number of citizens who have been victimized with widespread human rights violations caused by prolonged conflicts. Meanwhile, the Transitional government seeks to respond to the injustices imposed on this group by using various judicial and non-judicial mechanisms to satisfy the victims. Victims of Transitional societies also look forward to the implementation of justice for inhumane violence during the conflict, to compensate for restoring the ability to continue life and lost dignity. Therefore, the application of the restorative justice process can meet the expectations of the victims and carry out the mission of the Transitional government due to supporting victims and the process of compensation. Although full compensation of Transitional government is not possible by financial weaknesses and lack of transferability and considering that the implementation of the process of restorative justice is a good way to improve the status of the victim, we will discuss how to implement it and its impact on transition societies in this paper.

Transitional justice refers to the ways of addressing the large scale or systematic Human and Humanitarian Rights violations in periods of transition from conflict and repression, that the normal system of criminal justice, due to the extent and severity of violations, is not able to provide them adequate and appropriate response. The mechanisms of Transitional justice are different, depending on the circumstances prevailing in the Transitional society. Transitional justice, is useing in different societies as a way to confront the legacies of oppression, war and violence. This, is accomplishing through mechanisms like criminal prosecution, truth-seeking, reparation, and institutional reforms. This paper, along with the conceptualization of Transitional justice and the introduction of its various criminal and non-criminal mechanisms during the transition period, examines the acceptability of these mechanisms in Transitional societies and their validity in terms of International Criminal Court.

Many Scholars believe that “, Imagined Communities”,is one of a most influential Books in Late 20th. Based on the Anderson’, s Point of view, Nationalism is not a false capitalist consciousness, instead it is produced by one of a fundamental aspects of capitalism. “, Print Capitalism”,in its historical context, is a type of economic corporation which is not only affected on the formation and distribution of culture, but it also was a part of capitalist production as well. His contribution was to show how print industry helped development of national units. A critical review can declare Anderson’, s analysis is less practical and useful. It could not explain how a nation is distinguished from other types of community which he has constructed in the book. In addition, his analysis faces three serious problems: his understanding of nation is something classless, asocial and universal,minorities, marginal and subaltern groups are absent in his analysis, and finally he is unconsidered to sexuality structures and women’, s reproductive role in generating a nation. These obstacles base his construction of citizenship and nation upon white, middle class, educated European men.

This article aims to understand the nature and causes of reproducing bureaucratic corruption in Transitional societies from the legal sociology view point. According to the authors, since the operation of bureaucratic system firstly is determined by the nature of power elites and the present structural relationships in the society; on this basis, the protector-nurturing mentality and surveillance lacking of dominant elites alongside lacking rule of law is the pivotal factor of growing corruption in Transitional societies. This dilemma gradually leads to forming an anomic situation in various structures of bureaucracy and changing it into an arena for rent-based games and thus, causes the process of development to wane and accordingly, causes the society to involve mentally and morally in contradiction and turmoil and from the perspective of political economy subject to increasing passivity and devolution. The final resultant of this situation is social capital crisis and vulnerability in human capital. The article with an expressive approach and in the mold of combination of various sociological theories shows why and how bureaucratic corruption in Transitional societies continues reproduction, and finally deals with the foundations of an anticorruption policy and its implications.

Traditional justice mechanisms, mechanisms that are used recently along with other criminal and non-criminal mechanisms for doing justice in Transitional societies. Transitional societies such as Mozambique, Rwanda, Uganda and Sierra Leone, used these mechanism for doing justice to violations that committed during the past regimes or civil wars. However, there is disagreement on the method of the use of these traditional justice mechanisms to achieve justice: Some believe that doing justice to international crimes imply criminal justice. In this regard, it is necessary to change these mechanisms to adapt with the principles of criminal justice. In this context, the traditional justice mechanism in Rwanda faced with fundamental changes and like a criminal court, prosecute and punish perpetrators of international crimes. In contrast, other Transitional societies such as Mozambique and Uganda, without such fundamental changes use them. This paper, with examining competing theories, argues that traditional justice mechanisms, without fundamental changes in Transitional societies have been successful.

In the recent years, the rise of the newly emerging powers has been the main topic of academic debates at both regional and global levels. The BRIC or BRICS are different rubrics or grouping acronyms of these new powers which refer to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Due to the increasing significance of the newly emerging powers in the Transitional international system, analyzing and examining the characteristics, perspectives and global impacts of their emergence can enrich our understanding and knowledge of the evolving international system. In response to the research question about the role of the newly emerging powers in Transitional international system, the authors argue that these powers play a crucial role in shaping the post-Transitional international power structure. According to the research findings, in spite of the national, regional and international challenges and obstacles, the newly emerging powers are assuming a more prominent place in the global economy and politics by building their new international identity, providing grounds for gradual shift of power and the redistribution of their role and influence.